Production of graphene sheets by direct dispersion with aromatic healing agents.

Graphene exhibits remarkable properties for various novel applications. One of many appealing applications of graphene would be to fabricate transparent conductive films to replace indium tinoxide (ITO).Theuseof graphene is promisingdue to its high optical transmittance, low resistance, high chemical stability, and high mechanical strength. This, as well as other applications, requires a large quantity of high-quality graphene as the basic component. Among the reported methods to prepare graphene, liquid-phase methods have drawn tremendous attention due to their scalability and ease of functionalization. Compared to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approaches, which produce graphene films with the highest conductivity yet obtained, one advantage of liquid-phase methods is that the produced graphene can be conveniently deposited on any substratewith simple processing, such as spincoating or inkjet-printing on plastic substrates. Therefore, liquid-based techniqueshave thepotential to realize large-scale organic devices including photovoltaic cells.